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BOOKS
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Appendix: Word Studies of Prayer
Book
The Bible versions used are as follows:
The Living New Testament = L.B.N.T.
copyright 1967 - Tyndale House Foundation,
Wheaton,IL. 60187
Exegeses Ready Research Bible = Ex.R.R.B.
: a literal translation and transliteration of Scrpture.The Authorized King James Version
-Copyright 1992 --World Bible Publishers, Iowa Falls,IA. 50126 (Keys To
Interpreting The Exegeses. #1. King James In Regular Type, #2. Text under exegeses is
underlined, #3. Text of Exegeses is in Brakets.)
New King James = N.K.J.
King James = K.J.
The New Testament In Modern Speech = W.N.T.
: By Richard Francis Weymouth - copyright 1996 Kenneth Copeland
Publications, Fort Worth, Texas 76192-0001
The Message , The New Testament In
Contemporary Language = Message : By Eugene H. Peterson - copyright 1994 ;
NavPress Publishing Group,P.O.Box 35001, Colorado Springs,Colorado 80935
Ben Campbell Johnson Paraphrase = Ben. C.
J. :-A Great Love, Inc. Publisher, Toccoa, Georgia 30577
New Living Translation = N.L.T. : By
Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. , Wheaton, IL. Copyright 1996 www.tyndale.com
New American Standard Bible = N.A.S.
Amplified Bible =Amp.
New International Version = N.I.V.
Section 2: pg.4
GIVING GOD CONTROL OF OUR TONGUES.
Proverbs 18:20-21 (NIV)
From the fruit of his mouth a man’s stomach is filled; with the harvest from his lips
he is satisfied.
The tongue has the power of life and death, and those who love it will eat its fruit.
Isaiah 6:5-7 (AMP)
5 Then said I, Woe is me! For I am undone and ruined, because I am a man of unclean lips,
and dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips; for my eyes have seen the King, the
Lord of hosts!
6 Then flew one of the seraphim (heavenly beings) to me, having a coal in his hand which
he had taken with tongs from off the altar; And with it he touched my mouth and said, Lo,
this has touched your lips; your iniquity and guilt are taken away, and your sin is
completely atoned for and forgiven.
James 3:5-8(NIV)
5 Likewise the tongue is a small part of the body, but it makes great boasts. Consider
what a great forest is set on fire by a small spark. 6 The tongue also is a fire, a world
of evil among the parts of the body. It corrupts the whole person, sets the whole course
of his life on fire, and is itself set on fire by hell. 7 All kinds of animals, birds,
reptiles and creatures of the sea are being tamed and have been tamed by man, 8 but no man
can tame the tongue. It is a restless evil, full of deadly poison.
GOD’S WORDS BY THE HOLY SPIRIT
Psalms 81:10 (AMP)
I am the Lord your God, Who brought you up out of the land of Egypt. Open your mouth wide,
and I will fill it.
Isaiah 50:4 (NAS)
The Lord God has given me the tongue of disciples, that I may know how to sustain the
weary one with a word. He awakens me morning, He awakens my ear to listen as a disciple.
WE ARE THE PROPHET OF OUR OWN LIFE.
Hebrews 3:1 (NAS)
THEREFORE, HOLY brethren, partakers of a heavenly calling, consider Jesus, the Apostle and
High Priest of our confession.
TONGUE
Spreading false reports, Exodus 23:1.
Rabble of complaint, Numbers 11:4-6.
Criticizing those the Lord has not denounced, Numbers 23:8.
Talk about spiritual matters, Deuteronomy 6:4-7.
Stewardship of speech, Deuteronomy 23:23.
Pride, arrogance, 1 Samuel 2:3.
Crushed with words, Job 19:2.
Disciplined tongue, Psalm 34:13; Proverbs 13:3 (See LB); 21:23.
Purity of speech, Proverbs 4:24.
Silver-tongued, Proverbs 10:20.
Words like rare jewel, Proverbs 20:15.
Word aptly spoken, Proverbs 25:11.
Deceitful, malicious man, Proverbs 26:24-26.
Vileness from every mouth, Isaiah 9:17.
Sticking out tongue, Isaiah 57:4.
Like deadly arrow, Jeremiah 9:8.
Wrong, right boasting, Jeremiah 9:23-24.
Critical tongues made silent, Luke 20:20-26.
Glossolalia caution, 1 Corinthians 14:23 (AB).
Whatever you say or do, Colossians 3:17.
Double-tongued, 1 Timothy 3:8 (NASB, NRSV).
Do not talk back, Titus 2:9.
Control tongue, control body, James 3:2 (CEV).
Guard tongue well, James 3:3-6.
Insuring good relationships, 1 Peter 3:10.
See Conversation, Gossip, Slander, Speech.
CONVERSATION
Speaking neither good, evil, Genesis 31:24.
Spiritual matters, Deuteronomy 6:4-7.
Prophetic error, Deuteronomy 18:21-22.
Samson, Philistine woman, Judges 14:7.
Casual speech, Ruth 2:5; 4:1 (LB).
Talking to God, 2 Chronicles 6:4 (LB).
Left with nothing to say, Nehemiah 5:8.
Windy conversation, Job 8:2.
Accused of not speaking sensibly, Job 18:2.
Resolving not to sin with one's mouth, Psalm 17:3.
Keeping tongue from speaking wrong, Psalm 39:1.
Words known before spoken, Psalm 139:4.
Serpent tongues, Psalm 140:3.
How to avoid gossip, Psalm 141:3.
Speech of righteous, wicked, Proverbs 10:11.
Worth listening to, Proverbs 10:20 (LB).
Good, evil tongue, Proverbs 10:31-32.
Fruit of lips, Proverbs 12:14.
Words aptly spoken, Proverbs 15:23; 25:11; Ecclesiastes 5:2.
Silence elevates fool, Proverbs 17:28.
Fool's opinions, Proverbs 18:2.
Know your subject, Proverbs 20:15 (GNB).
Gossip talks too much, Proverbs 20:19.
Guarding tongue, Proverbs 21:23.
Conduct, conversation linked together, Proverbs 22:11.
Disguising true self by false speech, Proverbs 26:24-26.
"Foul mouthed," Isaiah 6:5 (LB).
Discussing God's goodness, Jeremiah 16:14-15 (LB).
Saying yes, no, Matthew 5:37.
Words condemn, acquit, Matthew 12:37.
Not what goes into mouth, what comes out, Matthew 15:10-20.
"Talk is cheap," Mark 2:9 (LB).
Use of gracious words, Luke 4:22.
Speaking quietly, Luke 10:23 (LB).
Talking about latest ideas, Acts 17:21.
Conversation enriched in Christ, 1 Corinthians 1:5-6.
Foolish talk, coarse joking, Ephesians 5:4.
Discussion topic, Ephesians 5:19-20.
Giving correct information, Colossians 4:6 (LB).
Exemplary speech, 1 Timothy 4:12.
Speaking to varied age groups, 1 Timothy 5:1-2.
Avoid godless chatter, 2 Timothy 2:16.
Seriousness, sound speech, Titus 2:7-8 (GNB).
Quick to listen, slow to speak, James 1:19.
Deceitful, unruly tongue, James 1:26.
Guard tongue well, James 3:3-6.
Insulting language, 1 Peter 2:1 (GNB).
Speaking, serving to glory of God, 1 Peter 4:11.
Empty, boastful words, 2 Peter 2:18.
More effective spoken than written, 2 John 12; 3 John 13-14 (GNB).
Pride, blasphemy, Revelation 13:5.
See Communication, Gossip, Silence, Speech, Tact.
CONVERSATIONAL CONTROL
Strategic speech control, James 3:2-5.
GOSSIP
Speak neither good nor evil, Genesis 31:24.
Circumstantial evidence, Genesis 39:6-20.
False, malicious reports, Exodus 23:1 (CEV).
Gossip condemned, Leviticus 19:16.
Basic rule for gossips, Numbers 23:8.
Need for adequate witnesses, Deuteronomy 17:6; 19:15; 1 Timothy 5:19.
Giving false testimony, Deuteronomy 19:16-21.
Intimidation for pay, Nehemiah 6:12-13.
Secret report, Job 4:12.
Protection from gossip, Job 5:21.
Subject for gossip, Job 17:6; 30:9.
Avoid private gossip, Job 19:4.
Scorn consumed like water, Job 34:7.
Pray for those who hurt you, Job 42:10.
Only God knows how many foes, Psalm 3:1-2.
Dishonest words, Psalm 5:9.
Neighborhood lies, Psalm 12:2.
Gossiper unfit for worship, Psalm 15:1-3 (GNB).
"Don't spread gossip," Psalm 15:3 (CEV).
Divine vindication, Psalm 17:2.
Committed not to gossip, Psalm 17:3; Proverbs 4:24.
Scorn, lies, Psalm 31:11-13 (LB).
"Contentious tongues," Psalm 31:20 (NRSV).
Gossip hinders happiness, Psalm 34:12-13.
Amused by another's stumbling, Psalm 35:15 (NRSV).
Muzzled mouth, Psalm 39:1 (See Berk.).
Exaggerated gossip, Psalm 41:7-8 (GNB).
Always ready to gossip, Psalm 50:19 (NRSV).
Gossip against brother, Psalm 50:20.
Razor-sharp tongue, Psalm 52:2-4 (Berk.).
Gossip against innocent person, Psalm 59:4.
Gossip as sin, Psalm 59:12.
Lying mouths silenced, Psalm 63:11.
Malicious gossip, Psalm 64:3 (LB).
"Stumble over their own tongue," Psalm 64:8 (NKJV).
Hatred without reason, Psalm 69:4.
Gossip in high places, Psalm 69:12 (CEV).
Heartbreaking insults, Psalm 69:20 (NRSV).
Gossip about misfortune, Psalm 69:26 (Berk.).
Taunted by others, Psalm 89:50 (NRSV).
Neighborhood gossip, Psalm 101:5; Proverbs 11:9; 1 Timothy 5:13.
Lying tongues, Psalm 109:1-3.
Target for gossip, Psalm 109:25, 29, 31.
Scriptural protection against gossip, Psalm 119:69-70, 78.
Prayer when hurt by gossip, Psalms 120:1-2; 123:3-4; Lamentations 3:55-66.
Vindication from gossip, Psalm 135:14.
Gossip like snake's fangs, Psalm 140:3.
Avoiding gossip, Psalm 141:3; Luke 6:37; Ephesians 4:29.
Corrupt mouth, Proverbs 6:12-14; Micah 6:12.
Pride, behavior, gossip, Proverbs 8:13.
Speech of righteous, of wicked, Proverbs 10:11.
Fool's gossip, Proverbs 10:18.
Gossip betrays confidence, Proverbs 11:13; 20:19; 25:9.
Habitual talebearer, Proverbs 11:13 (Berk.).
Lying lips, truthful speech, Proverbs 12:22.
Healing tongue, deceitful tongue, Proverbs 15:4.
Gossip alienates friendship, Proverbs 16:28 (CEV); 17:9.
Sin of listening to gossip, Proverbs 17:4.
"Choice morsels" for gossip, Proverbs 18:8 (LB); 26:22.
Loquacious gossip, Proverbs 20:19 (LB).
Keeping another's confidence, Proverbs 25:9.
Gossip's potential harm, Proverbs 25:18 (LB); Galatians 5:15.
Silence combats gossip, Proverbs 26:20; Amos 5:13.
Choice morsels, whispered gossip, Proverbs 26:22 (AB).
Hatred-motivated gossip, Proverbs 26:28.
Bread of idleness, Proverbs 31:27 (AB).
Gossip has wings, Ecclesiastes 10:20.
Power of words, Isaiah 29:20-21.
Confidence overcomes gossip, Isaiah 51:7.
Deceitful tongue, Jeremiah 9:3.
"Practiced tongues," Jeremiah 9:5, 8 (LB).
Attacked by words, whispers, Lamentations 3:62 (CEV).
Bloody tales, Ezekiel 22:9.
Gossip set to music, Micah 2:4.
Gloating enemies, Habakkuk 2:5 (GNB).
Plotting people's ruin, Habakkuk 2:10.
Punishment for those who mock, Zephaniah 2:9-10.
Satan the accuser, Zechariah 3:1-2.
Joseph wanted to protect Mary from gossip, Matthew 1:19.
Rejoice when victimized by gossip, Matthew 5:11-12.
Superficial judgment, John 7:24 (Berk.).
Judging, criticizing, Matthew 7:1-5; Romans 14:13; 1 Corinthians 10:27-29.
Gossip attacks against Jesus, Matthew 9:10-12; 11:18-19; Mark 14:53-59; John 7:12.
Words condemn or acquit, Matthew 12:37.
Gossip denotes unclean heart, Matthew 15:10-20.
Avoid going public, Matthew 18:15-17.
Silence of Jesus, Matthew 27:12-14.
Searching for gossip subjects, Mark 3:1-6.
Rejoice when criticized for faith, Luke 6:22-23.
Inaccurate gossip, John 7:24; 8:3-11.
Productive "gossip," Romans 1:8 (LB).
Gossip among vilest of sins, Romans 1:29-30 (GNB).
No excuse for gossip, Romans 2:1 (GNB).
Deceitful tongues, Romans 3:13.
Response to hurtful gossip, Romans 12:14.
Attitude toward weakness, Romans 14:1.
Love prevents gossip, 1 Corinthians 13:6.
Spiritual solution to gossip, Galatians 6:1-5.
Words kindly spoken, Philippians 4:8 (Berk.).
Conversation full of grace, Colossians 4:6.
Positive "gossip," Colossians 4:7; 1 Thessalonians 3:6.
Minding one's own business, 1 Thessalonians 4:11.
Root cause of gossip, 2 Thessalonians 3:11 (AB).
Gossip-free deacons, 1 Timothy 3:8 (NKJV).
"Malicious gossips," 1 Timothy 3:11 (NASB).
House to house gossiping, 1 Timothy 5:13 (CEV).
Godless chatter, 1 Timothy 6:20; 2 Timothy 2:16.
Talk spreads like gangrene, 2 Timothy 2:17 (NASB, NRSV).
Older women to avoid gossip, Titus 2:3 (CEV).
Living above criticism, Titus 2:8.
Slander no one, Titus 3:2; James 4:11-12 (CEV).
Fear of man, Hebrews 13:6.
Deceitful, unruly tongue, James 1:26 (AB).
Guard tongue well, James 3:3-6.
Decline retribution, 1 Peter 3:9.
Shaming those who gossip, 1 Peter 3:16.
Insulted because of name of Christ, 1 Peter 4:14.
Pride leads to gossip, 3 John 9-10.
Those who do not lie, Revelation 14:5.
See Character Assassination, Slander, Tongue.
SLANDER
False report, Exodus 23:1.
Criticism of king, 2 Samuel 6:17-23.
Mistrust of good motive, 2 Samuel 10:3.
Scourge of tongue, Job 5:21.
Concerned with error of others, Job 19:4.
Slander of many, Psalm 31:13.
"Speak insolent things," Psalm 94:4 (NKJV).
Secret slander, Psalm 101:5.
Verbal attack, Psalm 109:1-3.
Smear campaign, Psalm 119:69 (NASB).
Let the Lord vindicate, Psalm 135:14.
Hatred and slander, Proverbs 10:18.
Destructive mouths, Proverbs 11:9.
Power of words, Isaiah 29:20-21.
Those who attack with tongues, Jeremiah 18:18; Micah 2:4.
Undercutting prophet's message, Amos 7:10.
Jesus criticized on cross, Matthew 27:39-44.
Pharisees looked for fault in Jesus, Mark 3:1-6.
False accusation of demon-possession, Luke 7:33.
Poisoning the mind, Acts 14:2.
Slandering type, Romans 1:29.
Slander no one, Titus 3:2; James 4:11-12.
See Gossip, Scoff, Scorn.
SPEECH
Authority of Creator's speech, Genesis 1:3, 6, 9, 14, 20, 24, 26.
Unable to speak peaceably, Genesis 37:4 (NKJV).
Speech impediment, Exodus 4:10.
Gift of speech, Exodus 4:11-12 (NRSV).
Unwasted words, 1 Samuel 3:19.
Rallying citizens in time of crisis, 2 Chronicles 32:6-7.
Speechless, Nehemiah 5:8.
Talk, say nothing, Job 8:2 (CEV).
Condemned by personal speech, Job 15:6.
Speech after speech, Job 18:2.
Crushed with words, Job 19:1.
Maintaining pure speech, Job 27:3-4.
Forthright introduction, Job 33:1-5.
Talk much, say little, Job 38:2 (CEV).
Enemy speech not to be trusted, Psalm 5:9.
"No truth in their mouths," Psalm 5:9 (NRSV).
Speaking lies and flattery, Psalm 12:2.
Power of speech, Psalm 12:4.
Resolving not to sin with one's mouth, Psalm 17:3.
Words pleasing to God, Psalm 19:14.
God's voice, powerful, majestic, Psalm 29:4.
Blessing of honest speech, Psalm 34:12-13.
God's word credence to righteous speech, Psalm 37:30.
Keeping tongue from speaking wrong, Psalm 39:1.
Speech smooth as butter, Psalm 50:19.
Slander against relative, Psalm 50:20.
Words known in advance, Psalm 139:4.
Speech of righteous, wicked, Proverbs 10:11, 19-20.
Fruit of one's lips, Proverbs 12:14.
Just a kind word, Proverbs 15:4 (GNB).
Think before speaking, Proverbs 16:23 (GNB).
Restrained speech, Proverbs 17:27.
Speech with knowledge, rarest of jewels, Proverbs 20:15.
Right words at right time, Proverbs 25:11.
Speaking with gentle tongue, Proverbs 25:15.
Con man, Proverbs 26:24.
Healing blind, deaf and dumb, Isaiah 35:5-6.
Cordial speech, deceitful heart, Jeremiah 9:8.
Importance of worthy speech, Jeremiah 15:19.
Speaking with wisdom, tact, Daniel 2:14-15 (GNB).
Quiet in times of evil, Amos 5:13.
Kind, comforting words, Zechariah 1:13.
Lips that preserve knowledge, Malachi 2:7.
Words from the heart, Matthew 15:18 (CEV).
Attempting to trap Jesus, Matthew 22:15; Mark 12:13-17.
Two-word command, Mark 2:14.
Expectant father striken with muteness, Luke 1:11-22.
Use of gracious words, Luke 4:22.
Mute demon, Luke 11:14.
Speech provided for difficult time, Luke 12:11.
No one ever spoke like Jesus, John 7:46.
Speaking without figures of speech, John 16:29-30.
Distinct voice, John 20:14-16.
"Not to say too much," 2 Corinthians 2:5 (NASB).
Writing more effectively than speaking, 2 Corinthians 10:10-11.
Foolish talk, Ephesians 5:6 (CEV).
Whatever you say or do, Colossians 3:17.
Conversation full of grace, Colossians 4:6.
Quick to listen, slow to speak, James 1:19-20.
Bridle tongue, James 1:26.
Offensive speech, James 3:2 (AB).
Guard your tongue, James 3:3-6.
Words that cut like sword, Revelation 1:16.
See Answer, Communication, Conversation, Eloquence.
SPEECHLESS
Speechless in prayer, 1 Samuel 1:9-15.
Nothing to say, Nehemiah 5:8.
Tongues stick to roof of mouth, Job 29:10.
Ashamed, silent before the Lord, Ezekiel 16:63.
Embarrased disciples, Mark 14:40.
Muteness caused by skepticism, Luke 1:19-20, 62-64.
Cynical tongues made silent, Luke 20:20-26.
Silence in Heaven, Revelation 8:1.
See Mute.
TONGUES
One common language, Genesis 11:1.
Strange tongues, Isaiah 28:11 (KJV).
Speaking in language understood, Isaiah 36:11.
Gift of tongues, Acts 19:1-7.
Paul, glossolalia, Acts 19:1-7; 1 Corinthians 14:18 (LB).
Words beyond normal vocabulary, Romans 8:16, 26-27.
No mention gift of tongues in Romans, Romans 12:4-8; 15:17-19.
Role of tongues in Body of Christ, 1 Corinthians 12:27-31.
See Gift, Glossolalia.
SILENCE
Speaking neither good nor evil, Genesis 31:24.
Silent toward those who insulted, 1 Samuel 10:27.
Stand still, see what God will do, 1 Samuel 12:16.
"Be quiet," 1 Samuel 15:16 (NKJV).
Nothing to say, Nehemiah 5:8.
Painful silence, Job 2:13.
Wisdom of silence, Job 13:5.
Let others speak, Job 13:13.
Respect for those older, Job 32:4.
Silent meditation, Psalm 4:4 (LB).
Eloquent silence, Psalm 19:3 (LB).
Mute God, Psalm 83:1 (Berk.).
Wise man holds tongue, Proverbs 10:14 (LB).
Wisdom of silence, Proverbs 10:19; 17:28.
Avoid quarrel, Proverbs 11:12 (LB).
Guardian of the soul, Proverbs 13:3.
Silence prevents quarrel, Proverbs 17:14.
Guarding tongue, Proverbs 21:23.
Those who speak in haste, Proverbs 29:20.
Too much talk, Ecclesiastes 5:3.
Dramatic use of silence, Isaiah 36:13-21.
Silence of the Savior, Isaiah 53:7; Matthew 26:57-67; Mark 14:53-62; John 19:8-9.
Futile effort to suppress truth, Jeremiah 38:1-6.
Divine silence, Hosea 3:4 (CEV).
Prudent man's silence, Amos 5:13.
Silent about the Lord's name, Amos 6:10.
Prophetic silence, Zechariah 13:1-5.
Demons kept silent, Mark 1:33-34.
Pondering in heart, Luke 2:19.
Cynical tongues silenced, Luke 20:20-26.
Silent witness, 1 Peter 3:1-2.
Musicians put to silence, Revelation 18:22.
See Tact.
TACT
Using tact in diplomacy, Genesis 41:33-46.
Tactful comparison of accomplishments, Judges 8:2.
Tense tact, 2 Samuel 2:4-5.
Waiting for proper time to speak, Job 32:4-6.
Anger turned away by gentle words, Proverbs 15:1.
"Word spoken at right circumstances," Proverbs 25:11 (NASB).
When to speak, Ecclesiastes 3:7.
Proper time, procedure, Ecclesiastes 8:5-6.
Taught tact, Isaiah 28:26.
"A word in season," Isaiah 50:4 (KJV).
Tactful response to false prophecy, Jeremiah 28:1-17.
Speaking with wisdom, tact, Daniel 2:14 (NIV).
Wise as snakes, innocent as doves, Matthew 10:16 (CEV).
Response of Jesus to critics, Matthew 21:23-27; Mark 12:34.
Gracious words of Jesus, Luke 4:22.
Tact of Jesus with Samaritan woman, John 4:4-26.
Timely validation of ministry, Acts 23:6.
Relating to unbelievers, 2 Corinthians 2:15-16.
Avoidance of stumbling blocks, 2 Corinthians 6:3-13.
Speaking truth in love, Ephesians 4:15.
Tactful in conversation with others, Colossians 4:6.
Tact concerning debt, Philemon 18-19.
Dealing gently with those who need guidance, Hebrews 5:2.
Tact in times of duress, James 1:19-20.
Wisdom from heaven, James 3:17-18.
See Courtesy.
WORD, THE - a theological phrase that expresses the absolute, eternal, and ultimate being
of Jesus Christ (John 1:1-14; 1 John 1:1; Rev. 19:13). The Old Testament spoke of the word
of God as the divine agent in the creation of the universe: "By the word of the Lord
the heavens were made" (Ps. 33:6). In the New Testament, the Gospel of John declared,
"And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us" (John 1:14). Through the
incarnation of Christ, God has come to dwell in our midst. Through the life and ministry
of Jesus, a unique and final revelation of God has been given-one superior to the
revelation given through the Law and the Prophets. In Christ, the Word of God, God's plan
and purpose for mankind is clearly revealed (2 Cor. 4:4; Heb. 1:1-3). Also see LOGOS.
WORD OF GOD - the means by which God makes Himself known, declares His will, and brings
about His purposes. Phrases such as "word of God," and "word of the
Lord" are applied to the commanding word of God that brought creation into existence
(Genesis 1; 2 Pet. 3:5) and also destroyed that same world through the waters of the Flood
(2 Pet. 3:6); to God's announcement of an impending or future act of judgment (Ex.
9:20-21; 1 Kin. 2:27); to the word that declares God's commitment and promises His
blessing (Gen. 15:1, 4); and to a particular instruction from God (Josh. 8:27).
The term "word of God" is also used of the Ten Commandments given from Mount
Sinai (Deut. 5:5); of the whole Mosaic Law (Is. 2:3); of specific parts of the Old
Testament (Rom. 9:6; 1 Tim. 4:5); of a more personal communication from God (1 Sam. 3:21;
15:10); of the directive of God that set in motion John the Baptist's ministry (Luke 3:2);
of Jesus' message of the kingdom of God (Luke 8:11); of the gospel as preached in the
early church (Acts 4:31); and finally of the Lord Jesus Christ Himself (Rev. 19:13).
God's word is the primary means by which He is present and working in the world. He is not
Himself part of this world, but He acts in it by means of His word. He becomes personally
known through His word (1 Sam. 3:21). His word is powerfully creative (Ezek. 37:4) and its
purposes are irresistible (Is. 55:11; Jer. 23:29). God's word is totally dependable; it
represents His permanent commitment (Is. 40:8). When heard and responded to, His word
meets deep needs in the human heart and provides joy, satisfaction, and confident
direction that can be achieved in no other manner (Deut. 8:3; Ps. 119:162; Jer. 15:16).
God's word has the power to penetrate all pretense and discern "the thoughts and
intents of the heart" (Heb. 4:12).
God's speaking of His word reaches a culmination in the sending of His Son (John 1:1, 14;
Heb. 1:1-2). All that is true of God's earlier word is supremely true of Jesus. The gospel
of Jesus Christ is, in a special way, the word of God as it makes known and brings into
operation the reconciliation with God that is His purpose for mankind (2 Cor. 5:18-19). So
central is the gospel to the purpose of God in this world that the successful spread of
the gospel is the growth of the word of God (Acts 12:24).
Not only Jesus' message but also all that He is communicates God to us. He Himself is
described as the Word of God (John 1:1; Rev. 19:13). Jesus brings the presence of God to a
new level-the personal presence of God in the world in a human life.
TONGUE - the organ of taste and speech. In addition to its many literal references to the
tongue, the Bible also uses the word "tongue" for a particular language or
dialect (Deut. 28:49; Acts 1:19). The word "tongue" also refers to a people or
race with a common language (Is. 66:18; Rev. 11:9).
Figuratively speaking, the tongue can be sharpened like a sword (Ps. 64:3) or like a
serpent (Ps. 140:3)-a reference to its ability to utter caustic, poisonous words. Like a
bow, the tongue can project lies (Jer. 9:3), or like an arrow, can be shot out, striking
down with its deceit (Jer. 9:8). The tongue can be used as a weapon for attack (Jer.
18:18), wounding like a sharp sword (Ps. 57:4). The tongue can be used viciously for
flattery (Ps. 5:9; Prov. 28:23), backbiting (Ps. 15:3; Prov. 25:23), deceit (Ps. 50:19),
unrestrained speech (Ps. 73:9), lying (Ps. 109:2; Prov. 26:28), strife (Ps. 31:20),
cursing (Hos. 7:16), destruction (Ps. 52:2), and craftiness (Job 15:5).
People may use the tongue to sin (Ps. 39:1) or to speak of the Lord's righteousness (Ps.
35:28) and sing praises to God (Ps. 126:2). The tongue of the wise promotes health (Prov.
12:18). The tongue of the righteous is a treasure, like choice silver (Prov. 10:20). The
Bible speaks of keeping the tongue from evil (Ps. 34:13), of guarding the tongue (Prov.
21:23), and of bridling the tongue (James 1:26).
The tongue is an indicator of a person's spirit: It reveals what is in the heart (Matt.
12:33-37; 15:18; Luke 6:43-45). In the classic New Testament passage on the tongue, James
warns specifically against the evil of an uncontrolled and uncharitable tongue (James
3:1-12).
TONGUES, GIFT OF - the Spirit-given ability to speak in languages not known to the speaker
or in an ecstatic language that could not normally be understood by the speaker or the
hearers.
Apparently the only possibly direct reference in the Old Testament to speaking in another
tongue or language is found in Isaiah 28:11: "For with stammering lips and another
tongue He will speak to this people." This seems to be a reference to an invasion of
the Assyrians. They apparently would speak in another language, one probably unknown to
the people of Israel. The apostle Paul later applied this verse to speaking in tongues (1
Cor. 14:21). The apostle Peter considered the phenomenon of speaking in tongues that
occurred on the Day of Pentecost (Acts 2) as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy
(Joel 2:28-32).
In an appearance to His disciples after His resurrection, Jesus declared, "And these
signs will follow those who believe: In My name they will cast out demons; they will speak
with new tongues" (Mark 16:17).
On the Day of Pentecost, the followers of Christ "were all filled with the Holy
Spirit and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance"
(Acts 2:4). The people assembled in Jerusalem for this feast came from various Roman
provinces representing a variety of languages. They were astonished to hear the disciples
speaking of God's works in their own languages. Some have suggested that the miracle was
in the hearing rather than in the speaking. This explanation, however, would transfer the
miraculous from the believing disciples to the multitude who may not have been believers.
Tongues as a gift of the Spirit is especially prominent in 1 Corinthians 12 and 14. In 1
Corinthians 12 the phenomenon of tongues is listed with other gifts of the Spirit. As one
of the several gifts given to believers as a manifestation of the Holy Spirit, tongues is
intended, with the other gifts, to be exercised for the building up of the church and the
mutual profit of its members. In 1 Corinthians 13 the apostle Paul puts the gift of
tongues in perspective by affirming that though we "speak with the tongues of men and
of angels" (v. 1), if we do not have love, the gift of tongues has no value.
In 1 Corinthians 14 Paul deals more specifically with the gift of tongues and its exercise
in the church. In this chapter the tongue is not an intelligible language, for it cannot
be understood by the listeners. Therefore, a parallel to the gift of tongues is the gift
of interpretation. The gift of tongues was used as a means of worship, thanksgiving, and
prayer. While exercising this gift, individuals address God, not people; and the result is
to edify themselves and not the church (1 Cor. 14:2, 4). This gift is never intended for
self-exaltation but for the praise and glorification of God. Paul does not prohibit
speaking in tongues in a public service (14:39). But he seems to assign it to a lesser
place than the gift of prophecy. Paul claims for himself the gift of tongues-speaking, but
apparently he exercised this gift in private and not in public (14:18-19).
The gift of tongues is to be exercised with restraint and in an orderly way. The
regulations for its public use are simple and straightforward. People who speak in an
unknown tongue are to pray that they may interpret (1 Cor. 14:13). Or, someone else is to
interpret what is said. Only two or three persons are to speak, with each having an
interpretation of what is said. Each is also to speak in turn. If these criteria are not
met, they are to remain silent (1 Cor. 14:27-28). The gifts of speaking in tongues and
their interpretation are to be Spirit-inspired. Paul also points out that tongues are a
sign to unbelievers. If these guidelines are not observed, unbelievers who are present
will conclude that the people of the church are out of their minds.
The phenomenon of speaking in tongues in the New Testament is not some psychological
arousal of human emotions that results in strange sounds. This is a genuine work of the
Holy Spirit.
MOUTH - the opening by which food is taken into the body. In the Bible the mouth is
mentioned primarily as the organ of speech. It means much the same as TONGUE. The mouth
ought to be used for good, such as praising God (Ps. 34:1); but it also can be used for
evil (Ps. 36:3).
To "open the mouth" means to speak; to "put one's hand on one's mouth"
means to be quiet (Job 21:5). The word of God is described as coming from His mouth (Deut.
8:3), as symbolized in Revelation 1:16.
Section two: Giving God Control of our tongue Proverbs 18:20-21; Isa. 6:5-7; Isa. 51:16;
James 3:5-8.
The Contemporary English Version , Proverbs 18:20-21
20 Make your words good you will be glad you did.
21 Words can bring death or life! Talk too much, and you will eat everything you say.
The King James Version, Proverbs 18:20-21
20A man's belly shall be satisfied with the fruit of his mouth; and with the increase of
his lips shall he be filled. 21Death and life are in the power of the tongue: and they
that love it shall eat the fruit thereof.
The Living Bible, Proverbs 18:20-21
20Ability to give wise advice satisfies like a good meal!
21Those who love to talk will suffer the consequences. Men have died for saying the wrong
thing!
The New American Bible, Proverbs 18:20-21
20 From the fruit of his mouth a man has his fill; with the yield of his lips he sates
himself. 21 Death and life are in the power of the tongue; those who make it a friend
shall eat its fruit.
The New Century Version, Proverbs 18:20-21
20 People will be rewarded for what they say; they will be rewarded by how they speak.
21 What you say can mean life or death. Those who speak with care will be rewarded.
(NCV)
The New King James, Proverbs 18:20-21
20 A man's stomach shall be satisfied from the fruit of his mouth, From the produce of his
lips he shall be filled. 21 Death and life are in the power of the tongue, And those who
love it will eat its fruit.
The New Living Translation, Proverbs 18: 20-21
20 Words satisfy the soul as food satisfies the stomach; the right words on a person's
lips bring satisfaction.21 Those who love to talk will experience the consequences, for
the tongue can kill or nourish life.
The New Revised Standard Version, Proverbs 18:20-21.
20 From the fruit of the mouth one's stomach is satisfied; the yield of the lips brings
satisfaction. 21 Death and life are in the power of the tongue,
and those who love it will eat its fruits.
The Contemporary English Version, Isaiah 51:14-16
14 Everyone crying out in pain will be quickly set free; they will be rescued
from the power of death and never go hungry. 15 I will help them because I am your God,
the LORD All-Powerful, who makes the ocean roar. 16 I have told you what to say, and I
will keep you safe in the palm of my hand. I spread out the heavens and laid foundations
for the earth.
Now I say, "Jerusalem, your people are mine."
The King James Version, Isaiah 51:15-16
15But I am the LORD thy God, that divided the sea, whose waves roared: The LORD of hosts
is his name. 16And I have put my words in thy mouth, and I have covered thee in the shadow
of mine hand, that I may plant the heavens, and lay the foundations of the earth, and say
unto Zion, Thou art my people.
The Living Bible Isaiah 51:15-16,
15For I am the Lord your God, the Lord Almighty, who dried a path for you right through
the sea, between the roaring waves. 16And I have put my words in your mouth and hidden you
safe within my hand. I planted the stars in place and molded all the earth. I am the one
who says to Israel, "You are mine."
The New American Bible, Isaiah 51:14-16
14 The oppressed shall soon be released; they shall not die and go down into the pit, nor
shall they want for bread.15 For I am the LORD, your God, who stirs up the
sea so that its waves roar; the LORD of hosts by name. 16 I have put my words into your
mouth and shielded you in the shadow of my hand, I, who stretched out the heavens, who
laid the foundations of the earth, who say to Zion: You are my people.
The New Century Version, Isaiah 51:14-16
14 People in prison will soon be set free; they will not die in prison, and they will have
enough food. 15 I am the LORD your God, who stirs the sea and makes the waves roar. My
name is the LORD All-Powerful. 16 I will give you the words I want you to say. I will
cover you with my hands and protect you. I made the heavens and the earth,
and I say to Jerusalem, 'You are my people.' "
The New King James Version, Isaiah 51:15-16
15 But I am the LORD your God, Who divided the sea whose waves roared-The LORD of hosts is
His name.
16 And I have put My words in your mouth; I have covered you with the shadow of My hand,
That I may plant the heavens, Lay the foundations of the earth, And say to Zion, 'You are
My people.' "
The New Living Translation, Isaiah 51:14-16
14 Soon all you captives will be released! Imprisonment, starvation, and death will not be
your fate! 15 For I am the LORD your God, who stirs up the sea, causing its waves to roar.
My name is the LORD Almighty. 16 And I have put my words in your mouth and hidden you
safely within my hand. I set all the stars in space and established the earth. I am the
one who says to Israel, 'You are mine!' "
The New Revised Standard Version, Isaiah 51:14-16
14 The oppressed shall speedily be released; they shall not die and go down to the Pit,
nor shall they lack bread 15 For I am the LORD your God, who stirs up the sea so that its
waves roar-the LORD of hosts is his name. 16 I have put my words in your mouth, and hidden
you in the shadow of my hand, stretching out the heavens and laying the foundations of the
earth, and saying to Zion, "You are my people."
Isa. 6:5-7
The New Century Version, Isa. 6:5-7
5 I said, "Oh, no! I will be destroyed. I am not pure, and I live among people who
are not pure, but I have seen the King, the LORD All-Powerful."
6 One of the heavenly creatures used a pair of tongs to take a hot coal from the altar.
Then he flew to me with the hot coal in his hand. 7 The creature touched my mouth with the
hot coal and said, "Look, your guilt is taken away, because this hot coal has touched
your lips. Your sin is taken away."
8 Then I heard the Lord's voice, saying, "Whom can I send? Who will go for us?"
So I said, "Here I am. Send me!"
The King James Version, Isaiah 6:5-9a,11.
5Then said I, Woe is me! for I am undone; because I am a man of unclean lips, and I dwell
in the midst of a people of unclean lips: for mine eyes have seen the King, the LORD of
hosts. 6Then flew one of the seraphims unto me, having a live coal in his hand, which he
had taken with the tongs from off the altar: 7And he laid it upon my mouth, and said, Lo,
this hath touched thy lips; and thine iniquity is taken away, and thy sin purged. 8Also I
heard the voice of the Lord, saying, Whom shall I send, and who will go for us? Then said
I, Here am I; send me.
9And he said, Go, and tell this people, …11Then said I, Lord, how long? And he
answered, Until the cities be wasted without inhabitant, and the houses without man, and
the land be utterly desolate,
The Living Bible Isaiah, 6:5-11.
5Then I said, "My doom is sealed, for I am a foul-mouthed sinner, a member of a
sinful, foul-mouthed race; and I have looked upon the King, the Lord of heaven's
armies."
6Then one of the mighty angels flew over to the altar and with a pair of tongs picked out
a burning coal. 7He touched my lips with it and said, "Now you are pronounced 'not
guilty' because this coal has touched your lips. Your sins are all forgiven."
8Then I heard the Lord asking, "Whom shall I send as a messenger to my people? Who
will go?"
And I said, "Lord, I'll go! Send me."
9And he said, "Yes, go. But tell my people this: 'Though you hear my words
repeatedly, you won't understand them. Though you watch and watch as I perform my
miracles, still you won't know what they mean.' 10Dull their understanding, close their
ears, and shut their eyes. I don't want them to see or to hear or to understand, or to
turn to me to heal them."
11Then I said, "Lord, how long will it be before they are ready to listen?"
And he replied, "Not until their cities are destroyed-without a person left-and the
whole country is an utter wasteland,
The New American Bible, Isaiah, 6:5-11.
5 Then I said, "Woe is me, I am doomed! For I am a man of unclean lips, living among
a people of unclean lips; yet my eyes have seen the King, the LORD of hosts!"
6 Then one of the seraphim flew to me, holding an ember which he had taken with tongs from
the altar.
7 He touched my mouth with it. "See," he said, "now that this has touched
your lips, your wickedness is removed, your sin purged."
8 Then I heard the voice of the Lord saying, "Whom shall I send? Who will go for
us?" "Here I am," I said; "send me!" 9 And he replied: Go and say
to this people:
Listen carefully, but you shall not understand! Look intently, but you shall know nothing!
10 You are to make the heart of this people sluggish, to dull their ears and close their
eyes; Else their eyes will see, their ears hear, their heart understand, and they will
turn and be healed.11 "How long, O Lord?" I asked. And he replied: Until the
cities are desolate, without inhabitants, Houses, without a man, and the earth is a
desolate waste.
The Contemporary English Version, Isaiah, 6:5-12.
5 Then I cried out, "I'm doomed! Everything I say is sinful, and so are the words of
everyone around me. Yet I have seen the King, the LORD All-Powerful."
6 One of the flaming creatures flew over to me with a burning coal that it had taken from
the altar with a pair of metal tongs. 7 It touched my lips with the hot coal and said,
"This has touched your lips. Your sins are forgiven, and you are no longer
guilty."
8 After this, I heard the LORD ask, "Is there anyone I can send? Will someone go for
us?" "I'll go," I answered. "Send me!" 9 Then the LORD told me to
go and speak this message to the people: "You will listen and listen, but never
understand.
You will look and look, but never see." The LORD also said,10 "Make these people
stubborn! Make them stop up their ears, cover their eyes, and fail to understand.
Don't let them turn to me and be healed." 11 Then I asked the LORD, "How long
will this last?" The LORD answered: Until their towns are destroyed and their houses
are deserted, until their fields are empty, 12 and I have sent them far away, leaving
their land in ruins.
The New King James Version, Isaiah, 6:5-12.
5So I said: "Woe is me, for I am undone! Because I am a man of unclean lips, And I
dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips; For my eyes have seen the King, The LORD
of hosts."6Then one of the seraphim flew to me, having in his hand a live coal which
he had taken with the tongs from the altar. 7And he touched my mouth with it, and said:
"Behold, this has touched your lips; Your iniquity is taken away, And your sin
purged." 8Also I heard the voice of the Lord, saying: "Whom shall I send, And
who will go for Us?" Then I said, "Here am I! Send me." 9And He said,
"Go, and tell this people: 'Keep on hearing, but do not understand; Keep on seeing,
but do not perceive.' 10 "Make the heart of this people dull, And their ears heavy,
And shut their eyes; Lest they see with their eyes, And hear with their ears, And
understand with their heart, And return and be healed." 11Then I said, "Lord,
how long?" And He answered: "Until the cities are laid waste and without
inhabitant,
The houses are without a man, The land is utterly desolate,
12 The LORD has removed men far away, And the forsaken places are many in the midst of the
land.
The New Living Translation , Isaiah, 6:5-13.
5 Then I said, "My destruction is sealed, for I am a sinful man and a member of a
sinful race. Yet I have seen the King, the LORD Almighty!"
6 Then one of the seraphim flew over to the altar, and he picked up a burning coal with a
pair of tongs. 7 He touched my lips with it and said, "See, this coal has touched
your lips. Now your guilt is removed, and your sins are forgiven."
8 Then I heard the Lord asking, "Whom should I send as a messenger to my people? Who
will go for us?"
And I said, "Lord, I'll go! Send me."
9 And he said, "Yes, go. But tell my people this: 'You will hear my words, but you
will not understand. You will see what I do, but you will not perceive its meaning.' 10
Harden the hearts of these people. Close their ears, and shut their eyes. That way, they
will not see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn
to me for healing."
11 Then I said, "Lord, how long must I do this?"
And he replied, "Until their cities are destroyed, with no one left in them. Until
their houses are deserted and the whole country is an utter wasteland. 12 Do not stop
until the LORD has sent everyone away to distant lands and the entire land of Israel lies
deserted. 13 Even if only a tenth-a remnant-survive, it will be invaded again and burned.
Israel will remain a stump, like a tree that is cut down, but the stump will be a holy
seed that will grow again."
The New Revised Standard Version, Isaiah 6:5-12.
5 And I said: "Woe is me! I am lost, for I am a man of unclean lips, and I live among
a people of unclean lips; yet my eyes have seen the King, the LORD of hosts!"
6 Then one of the seraphs flew to me, holding a live coal that had been taken from the
altar with a pair of tongs. 7 The seraph touched my mouth with it and said: "Now that
this has touched your lips, your guilt has departed and your sin is blotted out." 8
Then I heard the voice of the Lord saying, "Whom shall I send, and who will go for
us?" And I said, "Here am I; send me!" 9 And he said, "Go and say to
this people: 'Keep listening, but do not comprehend; keep looking, but do not understand.'
10 Make the mind of this people dull, and stop their ears, and shut their eyes, so that
they may not look with their eyes,
and listen with their ears, and comprehend with their minds, and turn and be healed."
11 Then I said, "How long, O Lord?" And he said: "Until cities lie waste
without inhabitant, and houses without people, and the land is utterly desolate;
12 until the LORD sends everyone far away, and vast is the emptiness in the midst of the
land.
James 3:5-8.
The Contemporary English Version, James 3:1-10.
The Tongue
3 My friends, we should not all try to become teachers. In fact, teachers will be judged
more strictly than others. 2 All of us do many wrong things. But if you can control your
tongue, you are mature and able to control your whole body.
3 By putting a bit into the mouth of a horse, we can turn the horse in different
directions. 4 It takes strong winds to move a large sailing ship, but the captain uses
only a small rudder to make it go in any direction. 5 Our tongues are small too, and yet
they brag about big things.
It takes only a spark to start a forest fire! 6 The tongue is like a spark. It is an evil
power that dirties the rest of the body and sets a person's entire life on fire with
flames that come from hell itself. 7 All kinds of animals, birds, reptiles, and sea
creatures can be tamed and have been tamed. 8 But our tongues get out of control. They are
restless and evil, and always spreading deadly poison.
9-10 My dear friends, with our tongues we speak both praises and curses. We praise our
Lord and Father, and we curse people who were created to be like God, and this isn't
right. 11 Can clean water and dirty water both flow from the same spring? 12 Can a fig
tree produce olives or a grapevine produce figs? Does fresh water come from a well full of
salt water?
The King James Version, James 3:1-12.
1My brethren, be not many masters, knowing that we shall receive the greater condemnation.
2For in many things we offend all. If any man offend not in word, the same is a perfect
man, and able also to bridle the whole body. 3Behold, we put bits in the horses' mouths,
that they may obey us; and we turn about their whole body. 4Behold also the ships, which
though they be so great, and are driven of fierce winds, yet are they turned about with a
very small helm, whithersoever the governor listeth. 5Even so the tongue is a little
member, and boasteth great things. Behold, how great a matter a little fire kindleth! 6And
the tongue is a fire, a world of iniquity: so is the tongue among our members, that it
defileth the whole body, and setteth on fire the course of nature; and it is set on fire
of hell. 7For every kind of beasts, and of birds, and of serpents, and of things in the
sea, is tamed, and hath been tamed of mankind: 8But the tongue can no man tame; it is an
unruly evil, full of deadly poison. 9Therewith bless we God, even the Father; and
therewith curse we men, which are made after the similitude of God. 10Out of the same
mouth proceedeth blessing and cursing. My brethren, these things ought not so to be.
11Doth a fountain send forth at the same place sweet water and bitter? 12Can the fig tree,
my brethren, bear olive berries? either a vine, figs? so can no fountain both yield salt
water and fresh.
The Living Bible, James 3:1-17.
3 Dear brothers, don't be too eager to tell others their faults, for we all make many
mistakes; and when we teachers of religion, who should know better, do wrong, our
punishment will be greater than it would be for others.
If anyone can control his tongue, it proves that he has perfect control over himself in
every other way. 3We can make a large horse turn around and go wherever we want by means
of a small bit in his mouth. 4And a tiny rudder makes a huge ship turn wherever the pilot
wants it to go, even though the winds are strong.
5So also the tongue is a small thing, but what enormous damage it can do. A great forest
can be set on fire by one tiny spark. 6And the tongue is a flame of fire. It is full of
wickedness, and poisons every part of the body. And the tongue is set on fire by hell
itself and can turn our whole lives into a blazing flame of destruction and disaster.
7Men have trained, or can train, every kind of animal or bird that lives and every kind of
reptile and fish, 8but no human being can tame the tongue. It is always ready to pour out
its deadly poison. 9Sometimes it praises our heavenly Father, and sometimes it breaks out
into curses against men who are made like God. 10And so blessing and cursing come pouring
out of the same mouth. Dear brothers, surely this is not right! 11Does a spring of water
bubble out first with fresh water and then with bitter water? 12Can you pick olives from a
fig tree, or figs from a grape vine? No, and you can't draw fresh water from a salty pool.
13If you are wise, live a life of steady goodness so that only good deeds will pour forth.
And if you don't brag about them, then you will be truly wise! 14And by all means don't
brag about being wise and good if you are bitter and jealous and selfish; that is the
worst sort of lie. 15For jealousy and selfishness are not God's kind of wisdom. Such
things are earthly, unspiritual, inspired by the devil. 16For wherever there is jealousy
or selfish ambition, there will be disorder and every other kind of evil.
17But the wisdom that comes from heaven is first of all pure and full of quiet gentleness.
Then it is peace-loving and courteous. It allows discussion and is willing to yield to
others; it is full of mercy and good deeds. It is wholehearted and straightforward and
sincere. 18And those who are peacemakers will plant seeds of peace and reap a harvest of
goodness.
The New American Bible, James 3:1-17.
Chapter 3
1 Not many of you should become teachers, my brothers, for you realize that we will be
judged more strictly,
2 for we all fall short in many respects. If anyone does not fall short in speech, he is a
perfect man, able to bridle his whole body also.
3 If we put bits into the mouths of horses to make them obey us, we also guide their whole
bodies.
4 It is the same with ships: even though they are so large and driven by fierce winds,
they are steered by a very small rudder wherever the pilot's inclination wishes.
5 In the same way the tongue is a small member and yet has great pretensions. Consider how
small a fire can set a huge forest ablaze.
6 The tongue is also a fire. It exists among our members as a world of malice, defiling
the whole body and setting the entire course of our lives on fire, itself set on fire by
Gehenna.
7 For every kind of beast and bird, of reptile and sea creature, can be tamed and has been
tamed by the human species,
8 but no human being can tame the tongue. It is a restless evil, full of deadly poison.
9 With it we bless the Lord and Father, and with it we curse human beings who are made in
the likeness of God.
10 From the same mouth come blessing and cursing. This need not be so, my brothers.
11 Does a spring gush forth from the same opening both pure and brackish water?
12 Can a fig tree, my brothers, produce olives, or a grapevine figs? Neither can salt
water yield fresh.
13 Who among you is wise and understanding? Let him show his works by a good life in the
humility that comes from wisdom.
14 But if you have bitter jealousy and selfish ambition in your hearts, do not boast and
be false to the truth.
15 Wisdom of this kind does not come down from above but is earthly, unspiritual, demonic.
16 For where jealousy and selfish ambition exist, there is disorder and every foul
practice.
17 But the wisdom from above is first of all pure, then peaceable, gentle, compliant, full
of mercy and good fruits, without inconstancy or insincerity.
18 And the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace for those who cultivate peace.
The New Century Version James 3:1-17.
3 My brothers and sisters, not many of you should become teachers, because you know that
we who teach will be judged more strictly. 2 We all make many mistakes. If people never
said anything wrong, they would be perfect and able to control their entire selves, too. 3
When we put bits into the mouths of horses to make them obey us, we can control their
whole bodies. 4 Also a ship is very big, and it is pushed by strong winds. But a very
small rudder controls that big ship, making it go wherever the pilot wants. 5 It is the
same with the tongue. It is a small part of the body, but it brags about great things.
A big forest fire can be started with only a little flame.
6 And the tongue is like a fire. It is a whole world of evil among the parts of our
bodies. The tongue spreads its evil through the whole body. The tongue is set on fire by
hell, and it starts a fire that influences all of life. 7 People can tame every kind of
wild animal, bird, reptile, and fish, and they have tamed them, 8 but no one can tame the
tongue. It is wild and evil and full of deadly poison. 9 We use our tongues to praise our
Lord and Father, but then we curse people, whom God made like himself. 10 Praises and
curses come from the same mouth! My brothers and sisters, this should not happen. 11 Do
good and bad water flow from the same spring? 12 My brothers and sisters, can a fig tree
make olives, or can a grapevine make figs? No! And a well full of salty water cannot give
good water.
True Wisdom
13 Are there those among you who are truly wise and understanding? Then they should show
it by living right and doing good things with a gentleness that comes from wisdom. 14 But
if you are selfish and have bitter jealousy in your hearts, do not brag. Your bragging is
a lie that hides the truth. 15 That kind of "wisdom" does not come from God but
from the world. It is not spiritual; it is from the devil. 16 Where jealousy and
selfishness are, there will be confusion and every kind of evil. 17 But the wisdom that
comes from God is first of all pure, then peaceful, gentle, and easy to please. This
wisdom is always ready to help those who are troubled and to do good for others. It is
always fair and honest. 18 People who work for peace in a peaceful way plant a good crop
of right-living.
The New King James Version, James 3:1-18.
Chapter 3
1My brethren, let not many of you become teachers, knowing that we shall receive a
stricter judgment. 2For we all stumble in many things. If anyone does not stumble in word,
he is a perfect man, able also to bridle the whole body. 3Indeed, we put bits in horses'
mouths that they may obey us, and we turn their whole body. 4Look also at ships: although
they are so large and are driven by fierce winds, they are turned by a very small rudder
wherever the pilot desires. 5Even so the tongue is a little member and boasts great
things. See how great a forest a little fire kindles! 6And the tongue is a fire, a world
of iniquity. The tongue is so set among our members that it defiles the whole body, and
sets on fire the course of nature; and it is set on fire by hell. 7For every kind of beast
and bird, of reptile and creature of the sea, is tamed and has been tamed by mankind. 8But
no man can tame the tongue. It is an unruly evil, full of deadly poison. 9With it we bless
our God and Father, and with it we curse men, who have been made in the similitude of God.
10Out of the same mouth proceed blessing and cursing. My brethren, these things ought not
to be so. 11Does a spring send forth fresh water and bitter from the same opening? 12Can a
fig tree, my brethren, bear olives, or a grapevine bear figs? Thus no spring yields both
salt water and fresh.
13Who is wise and understanding among you? Let him show by good conduct that his works are
done in the meekness of wisdom. 14But if you have bitter envy and self-seeking in your
hearts, do not boast and lie against the truth. 15This wisdom does not descend from above,
but is earthly, sensual, demonic. 16For where envy and self-seeking exist, confusion and
every evil thing are there. 17But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, then
peaceable, gentle, willing to yield, full of mercy and good fruits, without partiality and
without hypocrisy. 18Now the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace by those who make
peace.
The New Living Translation, James 3:1-18.
Controlling the Tongue
3 Dear brothers and sisters, not many of you should become teachers in the church, for we
who teach will be judged by God with greater strictness.
2 We all make many mistakes, but those who control their tongues can also control
themselves in every other way. 3 We can make a large horse turn around and go wherever we
want by means of a small bit in its mouth. 4 And a tiny rudder makes a huge ship turn
wherever the pilot wants it to go, even though the winds are strong. 5 So also, the tongue
is a small thing, but what enormous damage it can do. A tiny spark can set a great forest
on fire. 6 And the tongue is a flame of fire. It is full of wickedness that can ruin your
whole life. It can turn the entire course of your life into a blazing flame of
destruction, for it is set on fire by hell itself.
7 People can tame all kinds of animals and birds and reptiles and fish, 8 but no one can
tame the tongue. It is an uncontrollable evil, full of deadly poison. 9 Sometimes it
praises our Lord and Father, and sometimes it breaks out into curses against those who
have been made in the image of God. 10 And so blessing and cursing come pouring out of the
same mouth. Surely, my brothers and sisters, this is not right! 11 Does a spring of water
bubble out with both fresh water and bitter water? 12 Can you pick olives from a fig tree
or figs from a grapevine? No, and you can't draw fresh water from a salty pool.
True Wisdom Comes from God
14 If you are wise and understand God's ways, live a life of steady goodness so that only
good deeds will pour forth. And if you don't brag about the good you do, then you will be
truly wise! 14 But if you are bitterly jealous and there is selfish ambition in your
hearts, don't brag about being wise. That is the worst kind of lie.
15
16
17
18
19
20
21 15 For jealousy and selfishness are not God's kind of wisdom. Such things are earthly,
unspiritual, and motivated by the Devil. 16 For wherever there is jealousy and selfish
ambition, there you will find disorder and every kind of evil.
17 But the wisdom that comes from heaven is first of all pure. It is also peace loving,
gentle at all times, and willing to yield to others. It is full of mercy and good deeds.
It shows no partiality and is always sincere. 18 And those who are peacemakers will plant
seeds of peace and reap a harvest of goodness.
The New Revised Standard Version, James 3:1-18.
Taming the Tongue
3 Not many of you should become teachers, my brothers and sisters, for you know that we
who teach will be judged with greater strictness. 2 For all of us make many mistakes.
Anyone who makes no mistakes in speaking is perfect, able to keep the whole body in check
with a bridle. 3 If we put bits into the mouths of horses to make them obey us, we guide
their whole bodies. 4 Or look at ships: though they are so large that it takes strong
winds to drive them, yet they are guided by a very small rudder wherever the will of the
pilot directs. 5 So also the tongue is a small member, yet it boasts of great exploits.
How great a forest is set ablaze by a small fire! 6 And the tongue is a fire. The tongue
is placed among our members as a world of iniquity; it stains the whole body, sets on fire
the cycle of nature, and is itself set on fire by hell. 7 For every species of beast and
bird, of reptile and sea creature, can be tamed and has been tamed by the human species, 8
but no one can tame the tongue-a restless evil, full of deadly poison. 9 With it we bless
the Lord and Father, and with it we curse those who are made in the likeness of God. 10
From the same mouth come blessing and cursing. My brothers and sisters, this ought not to
be so. 11 Does a spring pour forth from the same opening both fresh and brackish water? 12
Can a fig tree, my brothers and sisters, yield olives, or a grapevine figs? No more can
salt water yield fresh.
Two Kinds of Wisdom
13 Who is wise and understanding among you? Show by your good life that your works are
done with gentleness born of wisdom. 14 But if you have bitter envy and selfish ambition
in your hearts, do not be boastful and false to the truth. 15 Such wisdom does not come
down from above, but is earthly, unspiritual, devilish. 16 For where there is envy and
selfish ambition, there will also be disorder and wickedness of every kind. 17 But the
wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, willing to yield, full of mercy
and good fruits, without a trace of partiality or hypocrisy. 18 And a harvest of
righteousness is sown in peace for those who make peace.
Jesus is the High Priest of our confession, Hebrews 3:1
The Contemporary English Version
3 My friends, God has chosen you to be his holy people. So think about Jesus, the one we
call our apostle and high priest!
The King James Version
1Wherefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling, consider the Apostle and
High Priest of our profession, Christ Jesus; 2Who was faithful to him that appointed
Him,…
The Living Bible
3 Therefore, dear brothers whom God has set apart for himself-you who are chosen for
heaven-I want you to think now about this Jesus who is God's Messenger and the High Priest
of our faith.
2For Jesus was faithful to God who appointed him High Priest;…
The New American Bible
Chapter 3
1 Therefore, holy "brothers," sharing in a heavenly calling, reflect on Jesus,
the apostle and high priest of our confession,
2 who was faithful to the one who appointed him,……
The New Century Version
3 So all of you holy brothers and sisters, who were called by God, think about Jesus, who
was sent to us and is the high priest of our faith.
The New King James Version
Chapter 3
1Therefore, holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly calling, consider the Apostle and
High Priest of our confession, Christ Jesus, 2who was faithful to Him who appointed
Him…..
The New Living Translation
3 And so, dear brothers and sisters who belong to God and are bound for heaven, think
about this Jesus whom we declare to be God's Messenger and High Priest. 2 For he was
faithful to God, who appointed him,
The New Revised Standard Version
3 Therefore, brothers and sisters, holy partners in a heavenly calling, consider that
Jesus, the apostle and high priest of our confession,
NELSON'S
New Illustrated
Bible Dictionary
Ronald F. Youngblood General Editor of
Original Edition
Herbert Lockyer, Sr. Consulting Editors
F.F. Bruce
R.K. Harris Nashville o Atlanta o London o Vancouver Copyright © 1995, 1986 by Thomas
Nelson Publishers
.
Published in Nashville, Tennessee by Thomas Nelson, Inc.
Unless otherwise indicated, all scripture quotations are from the New King James Version,
copyright © 1982 by Thomas Nelson Inc., Publishers. All rights reserved.
Verses marked "NASB" are taken from the New American Standard Bible, copyright
© 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975 by the Lockman Foundation.
Verses marked "NIV" are taken from the Holy Bible; New International Version,
copyright © 1978 by the New York International Bible Society.
Verses marked "RSV" are taken from the Holy Bible: Revised Standard Version,
second edition, copyright © 1946, 1951, 1972 by the Division of Christian Education of
the NCCCUSA.
The Scripture quotations contained herein from the New Revised Standard Version of the
Bible are © 1989 by the Division of the Christian Education of the National Council of
the Churches of Christ in the United States of America, and are used by permission. All
rights reserved.
REB THE REVISED ENGLISH BIBLE, © 1989. The delegates of the Oxford University Press and
the Syndics of the Cambridge University Press. Used by permission.
Jesus as High Priest. The New Testament's most important references to the high priest are
found in the Epistle to the Hebrews, referring to Jesus. Qualifying Himself to be a
merciful and faithful high priest by becoming a man of the seed of Abraham (Heb. 2:11-18),
He is sympathetic with our weaknesses (Heb. 4:15). He did not assume the office of high
priest for glory (Heb. 5:5), but was called by God to the office, and not of the order of
Aaron, but of Melchizedek (Heb. 5:10). He had no need, as the sons of Aaron, to offer
sacrifices for His own sins, and then for the sins of the people; for He had no sin (Heb.
7:27-28). They offered animal blood that could never take sin away (Heb. 10:1-4). But he
offered His own blood (Heb. 9:12) once for all (Heb. 9:26; 10:10, 12). They were many
priests, because they died (Heb. 7:23); His is an eternal priesthood because He lives
forever (Heb. 7:25). Their priesthood was performed in an earthly model of the real
sanctuary (Heb. 8:5); He performs His ministry in heaven itself (Heb. 4:14; 9:11), seated
at the right hand of God (Heb. 10:12). By His one offering He has achieved His goal-the
sanctification of His people. We may therefore come directly into the presence of God
through the "one Mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus" (1 Tim.
2:5).
PRIESTS - official ministers or worship leaders in the nation of Israel who represented
the people before God and conducted various rituals to atone for their sins. This function
was carried out by the father of a family (Job 1:5) or the head of a tribe in the days
before Moses and his brother Aaron. But with the appointment of Aaron by God as the first
High Priest, the priesthood was formally established. Aaron's descendants were established
as the priestly line in Israel. They carried out their important duties from generation to
generation as a special class devoted to God's service.
The Bible often speaks of priests and Levites as if these two offices were practically the
same (1 Chr. 23:2; 24:6, 31). They were closely related, in that both priests and Levites
sprang from a common ancestor. They traced their lineage back to Levi, head of one of the
original twelve tribes of Israel. But these two offices were different, in that priests (a
specific branch of Levites descended through Aaron) and Levites (all descendants of Levi
in general) performed different duties.
Priests officiated at worship by offering various offerings and by leading the people to
confess their sins. The Levites were assistants to the priests. They took care of the
tabernacle and the Temple and performed other menial tasks, such as providing music,
serving as doorkeepers, and preparing sacrifices for offering by the priests.
In their function of offering sacrifices at the altar, the priests acted as mediators
between people and God, offering sacrifices so that sin might be forgiven (Lev. 4:20, 26,
31). Each sacrifice was a demonstration that the penalty of sin is death (Ezek. 18:4, 20),
and that there can be no forgiveness of sin without the shedding of BLOOD (Heb. 9:22).
The first priest mentioned in the Bible was Melchizedek, king of Jerusalem and "the
priest of God Most High" (Gen. 14:18). Abraham paid tithes to Melchizedek and was
blessed (Gen. 14:18-20). Next mentioned was Jethro, Moses' father-in-law and the priest of
Midian, who joined Moses, Aaron, and the elders of Israel for a sacrificial meal (Ex.
18:1, 12).
But true priesthood began many years before their time in the Garden of Eden.
Abel offered a sacrifice that pleased God (Gen. 4:4). Still later Noah (8:20), Abraham
(12:7-8), Isaac (26:25), Jacob (35:1-7), and Job (Job 1:5) all acted as priests, offering
sacrifices to God. In fact, each family in Israel killed the PASSOVER lamb, offering it as
sacrifice to God (Ex. 12:6; 34:25). But when God established Israel as His Chosen People
at Mount Sinai after their deliverance from slavery in Egypt (Ex. 6:7; 19:5-6), He
established a formal priesthood through Aaron and his descendants. As descendants of Levi,
they were to represent the nation of Israel in service to God at the tabernacle and altar
(Num. 8:9-18).
The priesthood was given to Aaron and his descendants "as a gift for service"
(Num. 18:7) and as "an everlasting priesthood throughout their generations" (Ex.
40:15). Since the office was hereditary, the descendants of Aaron were obligated to accept
the responsibility and meet the qualifications. No person with a physical defect or
disqualifying disease could serve as a priest (Lev. 21:16-21). Bodily perfection was to
symbolize the priest's spiritual wholeness and holiness of heart. Even the priest's home
life and relationship with his wife were to show his consecration to God (Lev. 21:7).
Aaron and his sons were consecrated for the priesthood in an elaborate seven-day ceremony
(Ex. 29:30, 35, 37). Their bodies were bathed to symbolize the purifying of their souls
from sin. Then they were clothed in their priestly garments and anointed with oil as
sacrifices were made on their behalf. The entire dedication procedure was as an outward
sign of their SANCTIFICATION in God's service (Ex. 29:9).
The clothes the priests wore also carried great significance. Their white linen garments
symbolized holiness and glory. They also wore a coat woven in one piece without a seam to
indicate their spiritual integrity, wholeness, and righteousness. The four-cornered cloth
of the coat signified that the priest belonged to the kingdom of God. The cap, resembling
an opening flower, symbolized the fresh, vigorous life of the one who wore it. The girdle,
or sash, a belt that encircled the priest's body, was the priestly sign of service. It
showed that the wearer was an office-bearer and administrator in the kingdom of God
(Exodus 39).
The priests had several responsibilities as mediators between the sinful people and their
holy God. They lit the incense and cleaned, trimmed, and lit the lamps. Ministering before
God at the altar, the priests had to make sure the offerings of the people were correct
and that the sacrificial rituals were carried out correctly. Otherwise, the people could
not be cleansed of their sin until the priests had made atonement for the error (Num.
18:1).
As "messengers of the LORD" (Mal. 2:7), the priests also were to teach the Law
to the people of Israel. In addition to instructing in the Law year by year, they were
also responsible for reading the Law at the Feast of Tabernacles every seventh year (Deut.
31:9-13).
By their example, the priests also taught the people how to "distinguish between holy
and unholy, and between unclean and clean" (Lev. 10:10). Living in cities scattered
throughout the nation of Israel, the priests were in a good position to fulfill this
function (Joshua 21). In addition, the priests served as judges, acting as a kind of
supreme court for Israel (Deut. 17:8-13). In special cases, the high priests declared the
will or judgment of God through the URIM AND THUMMIM, the medium through which God
sometimes communicated His divine will (Ex. 28:30; Lev. 8:8; Deut. 33:8).
When the land of Canaan was conquered and divided among the tribes of Israel, 48 cities
with their surrounding land were allotted to the priests and Levites as residences for
their families and pasturelands for their flocks (Josh. 21:41). Across the centuries, the
priests increased to a numerous body. King David divided them into 24 groups (1 Chr.
24:1-19). Except for the great festivals when all the divisions served at the tabernacle
at the same time, each division officiated for a week at a time on a rotating basis.
As long as the king and the people of Israel remained loyal to God and His Law, the
priests were highly respected and exercised a healthy influence in the land. But the
priests eventually sank to immorality, departed from God, and worshiped idols, along with
the rest of the people (Ezek. 22:26).
In the final book of the Old Testament, the prophet Malachi pointed to the neglect,
corruption, and false teaching of the priests. According to Malachi, this was the reason
why the people began to neglect the offerings and festivals of the Temple. They lost their
respect for the persons who held the office, and finally the office itself (Mal. 1:6;
2:7-9). Thus, the Old Testament closes with the announcement that God in His judgment
"will suddenly come to His temple . . . like a refiner's fire" to purify the
priests (Mal. 3:1-3). God was determined to preserve His human priests until the
appearance of His true Priest, Jesus Christ.
By the New Testament period, the position of priests in the nation of Israel had changed
considerably. The Temple functions were taken over by the "chief priests."
Rank-and-file priests were also overshadowed by the SCRIBES and PHARISEES, two special
groups that arose to present the Law and interpret its meaning for the people. But in
spite of the diminished role of priests, Jesus respected the office and called upon the
priests to witness His healing of lepers in keeping with the Law of Moses (Mark 1:44; Luke
17:12-14). But the priests themselves were some of the most zealous opponents of Jesus. As
leaders of the SANHEDRIN, the Jewish high court, they bore much of the responsibility for
His crucifixion. They also led the opposition to the apostles and the early church.
The office of priest was fulfilled in Jesus Christ. The Son of God became a man (Heb.
2:9-14) so that He might offer Himself as a sacrifice "once to bear the sins of
many" (Heb. 9:28). Hence, there is no longer a need for priests to offer a sacrifice
to atone for man's sin. A permanent sacrifice has been made by Jesus Christ through His
death on the Cross.
Priesthood and holiness were meant to be inseparable. But the sinful nature of the priests
allowed corruption to enter the God-ordained office. However, the priesthood to which the
nation of Israel was called at Mount Sinai continues today in the church. "You are a
chosen generation, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, His own special people, that you may
proclaim the praises of Him who called you out of darkness into His marvelous light"
(1 Pet. 2:9).
New Testament Times. In the New Testament as in the Old, the "high priest was
appointed to offer both gifts and sacrifices" (Heb. 8:3), and was referred to as
"God's high priest" and "ruler of [the] people" (Acts 23:4-5). He was
the president of the SANHEDRIN, the highest ruling body of the Jews (Matt. 26:3). But the
office ceased to be hereditary, and it was subject to the whim of the political power,
Rome. The high priests' religious influence was weakened by the rising power of the
scribes and Pharisees, and they became known for their materialism and thirst for power.
Above all, the high priest and his fellow priests were threatened by the presence of Jesus
in His Father's house, for they had changed it from a "house of prayer for all
nations" (Mark 11:17) to a place of merchandise, a "den of thieves" (Matt.
21:12-13; Luke 19:45-48; John 2:14-16).
The "chief priests" were the holders of the priestly offices of higher rank in
the Temple and, along with the high priest, were leaders in the Sanhedrin. That they had
administrative authority in the Temple is indicated by their agreement with Judas
concerning his betrayal of Jesus (Matt. 27:6; Luke 22:4-5). The chief priests led the
opposition to Jesus at His trial (Mark 15:3, 11; Luke 23:23). They were equally prominent
in their opposition to the apostles and the Christian church (Acts 4:6; 9:14, 21). Along
with all the council, the high priest and chief priests condemned Jesus to death (Matt.
26:65-66), mocked Him as He was dying (v. 41), and sealed His grave (Matthew 26-27).
A Dictionary of the Bible
by William Smith, L.L.D.
Revised and Edited by F. N. and M. A. Peloubet
Scripture quotations, unless otherwise indicated, are from the King James Version and the
Revised Version of the Bible.
HIGH PRIEST. The first distinct separation of Aaron to the office of the priesthood, which
previously belonged to the first-born, was that recorded Ex. 28. We find from the very
first the following characteristic attributes of Aaron and the high priests his
successors, as distinguished from the other priests:
Aaron alone was anointed, Lev. 8:12, whence one of the distinctive epithets of the high
priest was "the anointed priest." Lev. 4:3, 5, 16; 21:10; see Num. 35:25. The
anointing of the sons of Aaron, i.e., the common priests, seems to have been confined to
sprinkling their garments with the anointing oil. Ex. 29:21; 28:41, etc. The high priest
had a peculiar dress, which passed to his successor at his death. This dress consisted of
eight parts: (a) The breastplate, or, as it is further named, vs. 15, 29, 30, the
breastplate of judgment. The breastplate was originally two spans long and one span broad,
but when doubled it was square, the shape in which it was worn. On it were the twelve
precious stones, set in four rows, three in a row, thus corresponding to the twelve
tribes-each stone having the name of one of the children of Israel engraved upon it. (b)
The ephod. This consisted of two parts, of which one covered the back and the other the
front, i.e., the breast and upper part of the body. These parts were clasped together on
the shoulder with two large onyx stones, each having engraved on it six of the names of
the tribes of Israel. They were further united by a "curious girdle" of gold,
blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen round the waist.[EPHOD; GIRDLE.] (c) The robe
of the ephod. This was of inferior material to the ephod itself, being all of blue, ver.
31, which implied its being only of "woven work." ch. 39:22. It was worn
immediately under the ephod, and was longer than it. The skirt of this robe had a
remarkable trimming of pomegranates in blue, red, and crimson, with a bell of gold between
each pomegranate alternately. The bells were to give a sound when the high priest went in
and came out of the holy place. (d) The mitre or upper turban, with its gold plate,
engraved with "Holiness to the Lord," fastened to it by a ribbon of blue. (e)
The broidered coat was a tunic or long skirt of linen with a tessellated or diaper
pattern, like the setting of a stone. (f) The girdle, also of linen, was wound round the
body several times from the breast downward, and the ends hung down to the ankles. (g) The
breeches or drawers, of linen, covered the loins and thighs; and (h) The bonnet was a
turban of linen, partially covering the head, but not in the form of a cone like that of
the high priest when the mitre was added to it. These last four were common to all
priests. The high priest alone was permitted to enter the holy of holies, which he did
once a year, on the great day of atonement, when he sprinkled the blood of the sin
offering on the mercy seat, and burnt incense within the veil. Lev. 16. The manslayer
might not leave the city of refuge during the lifetime of the existing high priest. It was
also forbidden to the high priest to follow a funeral, or rend his clothes for the dead.
It does not appear by whose authority the high priests were appointed to their office
before there were kings of Israel.
After this the office seems to have been used for political rather than religious
purposes. Though at first chosen for life, we find that Solomon deposed Abiathar, 1 Kings
2:35, and that Herod appointed a number of high priests, which may account for there being
at least two living in Christ's time, Annas and Caiaphas. Luke 3:2. The usual age for
entering upon the functions of the priesthood, according to 2 Chron. 31:17, is considered
to have been 20 years, though a priest or high priest was not actually incapacitated if he
had attained to puberty. Again, according to Lev. 21:17-21, no one that had a blemish
could officiate at the altar.
High Priest. Priest.
A Breastplate.
The theological view of the high priesthood does not fall within the scope of this work.
It must suffice therefore to indicate that such a view would embrace the consideration of
the office, dress, functions and ministrations of the high priest, considered as typical
of the priesthood of our Lord Jesus Christ, and as setting forth under shadows the truths
which are openly taught under the gospel. This has been done to a great extent in the
Epistle to the Hebrews. It would also embrace all the moral and spiritual teaching
supposed to be intended by such symbols.
Gods Words given by the Holy Spirit: Palms 81:10; Isa.50:4.
Palms 81:10
The Contemporary English Version
8 "Listen, my people, while I, the Lord, correct you! Israel, if you would only
pay attention to me! 9 Don't worship foreign gods or bow down to gods you know nothing
about. 10 I am the LORD your God. I rescued you from Egypt. Just ask, and I will give you
whatever you need. 11 "But, my people, Israel, you refused to listen,
and you would have nothing to do with me! 12 So I let you be stubborn and keep on
following your own advice. 13 "My people, Israel, if only you would listen
and do as I say! 14 I, the LORD, would quickly defeat your enemies
with my mighty power. 15 Everyone who hates me would come crawling,
and that would be the end of them. 16 But I would feed you with the finest bread
and with the best honey until you were full."
The King James Version
8Hear, O my people, and I will testify unto thee: O Israel, if thou wilt hearken unto me;
9There shall no strange god be in thee; neither shalt thou worship any strange god. 10I am
the LORD thy God, which brought thee out of the land of Egypt: open thy mouth wide, and I
will fill it. 11But my people would not hearken to my voice; and Israel would none of me.
12So I gave them up unto their own hearts' lust: and they walked in their own counsels.
13Oh that my people had hearkened unto me, and Israel had walked in my ways! 14I should
soon have subdued their enemies, and turned my hand against their adversaries.
The Living Bible Ps 81:10
8Listen to me, O my people, while I give you stern warnings. O Israel, if you will only
listen! 9You must never worship any other god, nor ever have an idol in your home. 10For
it was I, Jehovah your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt. Only test me! Open
your mouth wide and see if I won't fill it. You will receive every blessing you can use!
11"But no, my people won't listen. Israel doesn't want me around. 12So I am letting
them go their blind and stubborn way, living according to their own desires.
13"But oh, that my people would listen to me! Oh, that Israel would follow me,
walking in my paths! 14How quickly then I would subdue her enemies! How soon my hands
would be upon her foes! 15Those who hate the Lord would cringe before him; their
desolation would last forever. 16But he would feed you with the choicest foods. He would
satisfy you with honey for the taking."
The New American Bible
8 In distress you called and I rescued you; unseen, I spoke to you in thunder; At the
waters of Meribah I tested you and said: Selah
9 'Listen, my people, I give you warning! If only you will obey me, Israel! 10 There must
be no foreign god among you; you must not worship an alien god. 11 I, the LORD, am your
God, who brought you up from the land of Egypt. Open wide your mouth that I may fill it.'
12 But my people did not listen to my words; Israel did not obey me.
13 So I gave them over to hardness of heart; they followed their own designs. 14 But even
now if my people would listen, if Israel would walk in my paths, 15 In a moment I would
subdue their foes, against their enemies unleash my hand. 16 Those who hate the LORD would
tremble, their doom sealed forever. 17 But Israel I would feed with the finest wheat,
satisfy them with honey from the rock."
The New Century Version
8 My people, listen. I am warning you. Israel, please listen to me! 9 You must not have
foreign gods; you must not worship any false god. 10 I, the LORD, am your God,
who brought you out of Egypt. Open your mouth and I will feed you. 11 "But my people
did not listen to me; Israel did not want me. 12 So I let them go their stubborn way
and follow their own advice. 13 I wish my people would listen to me; I wish Israel would
live my way. 14 Then I would quickly defeat their enemies and turn my hand against their
foes. 15 Those who hate the LORD would bow before him. Their punishment would continue
forever. 16 But I would give you the finest wheat and fill you with honey from the
rocks."
The New King James Version
8 "Hear, O My people, and I will admonish you!
O Israel, if you will listen to Me!
9 There shall be no foreign god among you;
Nor shall you worship any foreign god.
10 I am the LORD your God,
Who brought you out of the land of Egypt;
Open your mouth wide, and I will fill it.
11 "But My people would not heed My voice,
And Israel would have none of Me.
12 So I gave them over to their own stubborn heart,
To walk in their own counsels.
13 "Oh, that My people would listen to Me,
That Israel would walk in My ways!
14 I would soon subdue their enemies,
And turn My hand against their adversaries.
15 The haters of the LORD would pretend submission to Him,
But their fate would endure forever.
16 He would have fed them also with the finest of wheat;
And with honey from the rock I would have satisfied you."
The New Living Translation
8 "Listen to me, O my people, while I give you stern warnings.
O Israel, if you would only listen!
9 You must never have a foreign god;
you must not bow down before a false god.
10 For it was I, the LORD your God,
who rescued you from the land of Egypt.
Open your mouth wide, and I will fill it with good things.
11 "But no, my people wouldn't listen.
Israel did not want me around.
12 So I let them follow their blind and stubborn way,
living according to their own desires.
13 But oh, that my people would listen to me!
Oh, that Israel would follow me, walking in my paths!
14 How quickly I would then subdue their enemies!
How soon my hands would be upon their foes!
15 Those who hate the LORD would cringe before him;
their desolation would last forever.
16 But I would feed you with the best of foods.
I would satisfy you with wild honey from the rock."
The New Revised Standard Version
8 Hear, O my people, while I admonish you;
O Israel, if you would but listen to me!
9 There shall be no strange god among you;
you shall not bow down to a foreign god.
10 I am the LORD your God,
who brought you up out of the land of Egypt.
Open your mouth wide and I will fill it.
11 "But my people did not listen to my voice;
Israel would not submit to me.
12 So I gave them over to their stubborn hearts,
to follow their own counsels.
13 O that my people would listen to me,
that Israel would walk in my ways!
14 Then I would quickly subdue their enemies,
and turn my hand against their foes.
15 Those who hate the LORD would cringe before him,
and their doom would last forever.
16 I would feed you with the finest of the wheat,
and with honey from the rock I would satisfy you."
Isa.50:4.
The Contemporary English Version
4 The LORD God gives me
the right words
to encourage the weary.
Each morning he awakens me
eager to learn his teaching;
5 he made me willing to listen
and not rebel or run away.
The King James Version
4The Lord GOD hath given me the tongue of the learned, that I should know how to speak a
word in season to him that is weary: he wakeneth morning by morning, he wakeneth mine ear
to hear as the learned. 5The Lord GOD hath opened mine ear, and I was not rebellious,
neither turned away back
The Living Bible
4The Lord God has given me his words of wisdom so that I may know what I should say to all
these weary ones. Morning by morning he wakens me and opens my understanding to his will.
5The Lord God has spoken to me, and I have listened; I do not rebel nor turn away.
The New American Bible
4 The Lord GOD has given me
a well-trained tongue,
That I might know how to speak to the weary
a word that will rouse them.
Morning after morning
he opens my ear that I may hear;
5 And I have not rebelled,
have not turned back.
The New Century Version
God's Servant Obeys
4 The Lord GOD gave me the ability to teach
so that I know what to say to make the weak strong.
Every morning he wakes me.
He teaches me to listen like a student.
5 The Lord GOD helps me learn,
and I have not turned against him
nor stopped following him.
(NCV)
The New King James Version
4 "The Lord GOD has given Me
The tongue of the learned,
That I should know how to speak
A word in season to him who is weary.
He awakens Me morning by morning,
He awakens My ear
To hear as the learned.
5 The Lord GOD has opened My ear;
And I was not rebellious,
Nor did I turn away.
The New Living Translation The LORD's Obedient Servant
4 The Sovereign LORD has given me his words of wisdom, so that I know what to say to all
these weary ones. Morning by morning he wakens me and opens my understanding to his will.
5 The Sovereign LORD has spoken to me, and I have listened. I do not rebel or turn away.
The New Revised Standard Version
4 The Lord GOD has given me
the tongue of a teacher,
that I may know how to sustain
the weary with a word.
Morning by morning he wakens-
wakens my ear
to listen as those who are taught.
5 The Lord GOD has opened my ear,
and I was not rebellious,
I did not turn backward
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